PDF tool

pdf analyzes one or more PDF documents and returns text.

Quick behavior:

Native provider mode for Anthropic and Google model providers.
Extraction fallback mode for other providers (extract text first, then page images when needed).
Supports single (pdf) or multi (pdfs) input, max 10 PDFs per call.

Availability

The tool is only registered when OpenClaw can resolve a PDF-capable model config for the agent:

agents.defaults.pdfModel
fallback to agents.defaults.imageModel
fallback to best effort provider defaults based on available auth

If no usable model can be resolved, the pdf tool is not exposed.

Input reference

pdf (string): one PDF path or URL
pdfs (string[]): multiple PDF paths or URLs, up to 10 total
prompt (string): analysis prompt, default Analyze this PDF document.
pages (string): page filter like 1-5 or 1,3,7-9
model (string): optional model override (provider/model)
maxBytesMb (number): per-PDF size cap in MB

Input notes:

pdf and pdfs are merged and deduplicated before loading.
If no PDF input is provided, the tool errors.
pages is parsed as 1-based page numbers, deduped, sorted, and clamped to the configured max pages.
maxBytesMb defaults to agents.defaults.pdfMaxBytesMb or 10.

Supported PDF references

local file path (including ~ expansion)
file:// URL
http:// and https:// URL

Reference notes:

Other URI schemes (for example ftp://) are rejected with unsupported_pdf_reference.
In sandbox mode, remote http(s) URLs are rejected.
With workspace-only file policy enabled, local file paths outside allowed roots are rejected.

Execution modes

Native provider mode

Native mode is used for provider anthropic and google. The tool sends raw PDF bytes directly to provider APIs.

Native mode limits:

pages is not supported. If set, the tool returns an error.

Extraction fallback mode

Fallback mode is used for non-native providers.

Flow:

Extract text from selected pages (up to agents.defaults.pdfMaxPages, default 20).
If extracted text length is below 200 chars, render selected pages to PNG images and include them.
Send extracted content plus prompt to the selected model.

Fallback details:

Page image extraction uses a pixel budget of 4,000,000.
If the target model does not support image input and there is no extractable text, the tool errors.
Extraction fallback requires pdfjs-dist (and @napi-rs/canvas for image rendering).

Config

{
  agents: {
    defaults: {
      pdfModel: {
        primary: "anthropic/claude-opus-4-6",
        fallbacks: ["openai/gpt-5-mini"],
      },
      pdfMaxBytesMb: 10,
      pdfMaxPages: 20,
    },
  },
}

See Configuration Reference for full field details.

Output details

The tool returns text in content[0].text and structured metadata in details.

Common details fields:

model: resolved model ref (provider/model)
native: true for native provider mode, false for fallback
attempts: fallback attempts that failed before success

Path fields:

single PDF input: details.pdf
multiple PDF inputs: details.pdfs[] with pdf entries
sandbox path rewrite metadata (when applicable): rewrittenFrom

Error behavior

Missing PDF input: throws pdf required: provide a path or URL to a PDF document
Too many PDFs: returns structured error in details.error = "too_many_pdfs"
Unsupported reference scheme: returns details.error = "unsupported_pdf_reference"
Native mode with pages: throws clear pages is not supported with native PDF providers error

Examples

Single PDF:

{
  "pdf": "/tmp/report.pdf",
  "prompt": "Summarize this report in 5 bullets"
}

Multiple PDFs:

{
  "pdfs": ["/tmp/q1.pdf", "/tmp/q2.pdf"],
  "prompt": "Compare risks and timeline changes across both documents"
}

Page-filtered fallback model:

{
  "pdf": "https://example.com/report.pdf",
  "pages": "1-3,7",
  "model": "openai/gpt-5-mini",
  "prompt": "Extract only customer-impacting incidents"
}

PDF Tool